NO one should feel safe without submitting to Islam, and those who
refuse to submit must pay a high price. The Islamist movement must aim
to turn the world into a series of "wildernesses" where only those
under jihadi rule enjoy security.
These are some of the ideas developed by al Qaeda's chief
theoretician, Sheik Abu-Bakar Naji, in his new book "Governance in the
Wilderness" (Edarat al-Wahsh).
Middle East analysts think that the book may indicate a major
change of strategy by the disparate groups that use al Qaeda as a brand
name.
The Saudi police seized copies of the book last week as they arrested 700 alleged terrorists in overnight raids.
Naji's book, written in pseudo-literary Arabic, is meant as a
manifesto for jihad. He divides the jihadi movement into five circles -
ranging from Sunni Salafi (traditionalist) Muslims (who, though not
personally violent, are prepared to give moral and material support to
militants) to Islamist groups with national rather than pan-Islamist
agendas (such as the Palestinian Hamas and the Filipino Moro Liberation
Front).
All five circles are at an impasse, says Naji. Some accept the status quo
while hoping to reform it. Others have tried to set up governments in a
world dominated by "infidel" powers, and have been forced to abandon
Islamic values. Still others failed because they didn't realize that
the only way to win is through total war in which no one feels safe.
Naji claims that the fall of the Ottoman Empire and the abolition
of the Islamic Caliphate in 1924 marked the start of "the most
dangerous phase in history." Those events put all Arab countries, the
heartland of Islam, under domination by the "infidel"- who later
continued to rule via native proxies.
In Naji's eyes, it is impossible to create a proper Islamic state
in a single country in a world dominated by "Crusaders." He cites as
example the Taliban - which, although a proper Islamic regime, didn't
survive "infidel" attacks and opposition by Afghan elements.
Instead, he says, the Islamic movement must be global - fighting everywhere, all the time, and on all fronts.
Since 9/11, Islamist terror movements have been de bating grand
strategy. Osama bin Laden had theorized that the "infidel," led by the
United States, would crumble after a series of spectacular attacks,
just as the Meccan "infidel" government did when the Prophet Muhammad
launched deadly raids against its trade routes. Yet the 9/11 attacks
didn't lead to an "infidel" retreat. On the contrary, the "Great Satan"
hit back hard.
That persuaded some al Qaeda leaders that a new strategy of
smaller, slower but steadier attacks was needed. Ayman al-Zawahiri, al
Qaeda's No. 2, has advocated such a strategy since 2003, arguing that
the jihad should first target Muslim countries where it has a chance of
toppling the incumbent regimes.
Now Naji takes that analysis a step further - suggesting that
low-intensity war be extended to anywhere in the world with a
significant Muslim presence.
Islamists in the "wilderness" must create parallel societies
alongside existing ones, Naji says - but not set up formal governments,
which would be subject to economic pressure or military attack.
These parallel societies could resemble "liberated zones" set up by
Marxist guerrillas in parts of Latin America in the last century. But
they could also exist within cities, under the very noses of the
authorities - operating as secret societies with their own rules,
values and enforcement.
But they could also take shape in Western countries with large
Muslim minorities: The jihadis are to begin by giving areas where
Muslims live a distinctly Islamic appearance, by imposing special
styles of dress for women and beards for men. Then they start imposing
the shariah. In the final phase, they create a parallel
system of taxation and law enforcement, effectively taking the areas
out of government control.
The "wilderness" will provide the cover for bases for jihad
operations. Jihad would be everywhere, rather than in just one or two
countries that the "infidel" could hit with superior firepower.
In a notable departure from past al Qaeda strategy, Naji recommends
"countless small operations" that render daily life unbearable, rather
than a few spectacular attacks such as 9/11: The "infidel," leaving his
home every morning, should be unsure whether he'll return in the
evening.
Naji recommends kidnappings, the holding of hostages, the use of
women and children as human shields, exhibition killings to terrorize
the enemy, suicide bombings and countless gestures that make normal
life impossible for the "infidel" and Muslim collaborators.
Once parallel societies are established throughout the world, they
would exert pressure on non-Muslims to submit. Naji believes that,
subjected to constant intimidation and fear of death, most non-Muslims
(especially in the West) would submit: "The West has no stomach for a
long fight."
The only Western power still capable of resisting is the United
States, he believes. But that, too, will change once President Bush is
gone.
NAJI makes it clear that the United States is the chief, if not the
exclusive target, of jihad at this time. He mentions Israel only once,
as "America's little female idol." His only reference to Palestine is
in a historical context.
Naji asks jihadis to target oilfields, sea and airports, tourist
facilities and especially banking and financial services. He envisages
"a very long war," at the end of which the whole world is brought under
the banner of Islam.
He identifies several Muslim countries as promising for
establishing "the governance of the wilderness": Saudi Arabia,
Pakistan, Yemen, Turkey, Jordan, Libya, Tunisia and Morocco. The
implication is that "wilderness" units already exist in nations such as
Afghanistan, Iraq, Lebanon, Egypt, Somalia and Algeria.
Naji's theory is built on the concept of terror as the main
organizing principle of the mini-states he hopes to set up everywhere
in preparation for the coming Caliphate. He claims that the Prophet
himself practiced the tactic by making his enemies in Medina, where he
ran his version of the "wilderness," pay "the maximum price" for any
deviance, and through constant raids on trade caravans belonging to his
enemies in Mecca.
In a simple language, Naji of fers a synthesis of the themes that
appeal to different jihadi groups. With anti-imperialist sentiments,
missionary dreams, ethnic and class grievances and puritanical
obsessions, he mixes a deadly cocktail.
Naji's message is stark: Western civilization is doomed. Its last
bastion, America, lacks the will for a long war. The "infidel" loves
life and treats it as an endless feast. Jihadis have to ruin that feast
and persuade the "infidel" to abandon this world in exchange for
greater rewards in the next.
Amir Taheri's next book, "The Persian Night: Iran Under the Khomeinist Revolution," is due out this fall.